R (b) and `Tony' in speaker (c)), the latter truly leading

Results for price, Ny men and women spoke in regards to the economical and social motivations to bring variability and perceptual evaluation for the three DDK tasks. A slightly diverse version of timing shift may be discovered within the sequence `knew you were'. The two vowels in `you' and `were' within the manage speaker have been relatively similar, but there was a contrast amongst `knew' and `you', leading to a `long hort hort' pattern. Alternatively, the lengthening of `you' observed in speaker (b) reduced the contrast in between(a)rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369:(b)(c)(d)Figure 3. Examples of articulatory deviations. (a) `Swimming with dolphins'--the speaker is equalizing the length from the vowels. (b) `I prefer'--the speaker has deleted a lot of the segments in the initially syllable, leaving only the very first consonant /p/. (c) `Accommodation'--deletion of initial, third and fifth syllable, resulting in an abnormal production as `komdeish'. (d) `Tony knew you were lying in bed'--the speaker is fusing a lot of the utterance into one single word with no recognizable consonants until the /n/ of `in', resulting in an abnormally lengthy vowel. (On the web version in colour.)continuous vowel. This is a frequent trouble in speakers with PD whose lowered speed and range of movement may cause stops and fricatives getting replaced by approximants, or in serious situations becoming absolutely elided with only vowels remaining, as evidenced in the 1st part of speaker (d)'s utterance. Though the number of syllables may be identifiedTable 5. Benefits for rate, variability and perceptual evaluation for the 3 DDK tasks. handle measure percept. rating syllable /pa/ /ta/ /ka/ imply COV /pa/ /ta/ /ka/ price mean /pa/ /ta/ /ka/ imply imply 1 1 1 1 five.76 7.24 7.28 six.76 6.84 6.66 six.16 six.55 s.d. 0 0 0 0 0.78 1.82 1.28 1.29 0.61 0.49 0.59 0.56 range 0 0 0 0 two.33 four.31 3.15 three.26 1.79 1.51 1.66 1.65 ataxic dysarthria imply 3.10 3.87 four.03 title= journal.pone.0022761 3.67 6.91 10.48 eight.06 8.49 3.83 three.62 3.19 3.54 s.d. 0.36 0.81 0.25 0.48 3.22 7.97 three.01 4.73 1.13 1.20 1.21 1.18 variety 0.70 1.50 0.50 0.90 five.85 13.90 five.91 8.55 two.24 two.24 2.09 two.19 hypokinetic dysarthria imply three.83 3.43 3.70 3.66 16.ten ten.89 13.85 13.61 5.45 six.52 5.64 five.87 s.d. 0.29 0.12 1.28 0.56 5.35 three.20 7.30 five.28 0.36 0.87 0.68 0.64 variety 0.50 0.20 2.50 1.07 9.97 5.64 13.16 9.59 0.63 1.67 1.31 1.rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369:perceptually by means of the adjust in vowel quality, the methodology for the acoustic rhythm metrics prescribes that consecutive vowel or consonant intervals really should be labelled as one particular unit, thus resulting in an excessively long vocalic period for this speaker.