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The quantitative genetics of two life-history trade-offs in the yellow dung fly in abundant and limited food environments. Evolutionary Ecology 18:385?02. Bolton, M. D., J. A. Kolmer, and D. F. Garvin 2008. Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Molecular Plant Pathology 9:563?75. Calenge, F., A. Faure, M. Goerre, C. Gebhardt, W. E. Van de Weg, L. Parisi, and C.-E. Durel 2004. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) evaluation reveals each broad-spectrum and isolate-specific QTL for scab resistance in an apple progeny challenged with eight isolates o.Ogen genotype combinations pooled, but we also discovered that sign and strength of genetic correlations for the pathogen varied on distinct host varieties. This pattern illustrates how opposing trends can be title= ecancer.2016.651 embedded in an all round relationship amongst two traits, a popular theme in life-history theory (Stearns 1992). In addition, it reflects the general observation that natural selection might `see' variable amounts of genetic variation and covariation in diverse environments (Blanckenhorn and Heyland 2004), right here the `environment' getting host genotype. Lastly, our results have potential implications for the selection of host varieties by plant breeders or farmers. It is frequently expected that quantitative resistance pleiotropically have an effect on the different components of the pathogen cycle. Thusmore resistant varieties, prolonging the onset of illness symptoms, must also be superior at inhibiting spore production. Right here, nevertheless, we observed the opposite pattern: latent period and SPC have been positively correlated across the five host varieties. This suggests a more complex genetic architecture of quantitative resistance genes, that is sustained by recent QTL analyses. We believe that taking into account this complexity can help greater recognize the things driving pathogen evolution. Such as trade-offs in illness management models may well drastically strengthen our capacity to control Isconduct. Kathleen Amos, MLIS, kamos@ phf.org; Council on Linkages Involving disease inside the long-term in agrosystems (van den Berg et al. 2010). Information archiving statement Data for this study are available as Supporting Facts attached for the on the internet version with the publication. Acknowledgements This operate was part of an INRA-BBSRC funded project entitled `Epidemiological and evolutionary models for invasion and persistence of disease'. Rothamsted Investigation receives assistance from title= srep30277 the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Analysis Council (BBSRC) on the Uk. Frank van den Bosch was funded around the ISPG `MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY' of Rothamsted Research. Literature citedAlizon, S., A. Hurford, N. Mideo, and M. van Baalen 2009. Virulence evolution and also the trade-off hypothesis: history, present state of affairs plus the future. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:245?59. Bahri, B., O. Kaltz, M. Leconte, C. de Vallavieille-Pope, and J. Enjabert 2009. Tracking costs of virulence in natural populations on the wheat pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9:1?two. Ballini, E., J.-B. Morel, G. Droc, A. Value, B. Courtois, J.-L. Notteghem, and D. Tharreau 2008. A genome-wide meta-analysis of rice blast resistance genes and quantitative trait loci gives new insights into partial and comprehensive resistance. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 21:859?68. ?van den Berg, F., N. Bacaer, J. A. J. Metz, C. Lannou, and F. van den Bosch 2010. Periodic host title= s13071-016-1695-y absence can select for higher or decrease parasite transmission rates. Evolutionary Ecology 25:121?37. Blanckenhorn, W. U., plus a. Heyland 2004.