Ere the 24 hour recall (four studies), a food consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (two studies

Finally, a single study utilized an inventory checklist of fruit, juice and vegetable availability [22]. Table 3 shows the 16 research that employed some form of GIS primarily based measures of community FE to capture the geographic relationship in between residents' homes and/or school and an array of meals retailer forms: supermarkets, comfort stores, FF outlets, and other folks. The GIS-based measures that were utilized assessed only constructs related to the availability (presence, counts and density) and accessibility (distance towards the nearest food outlet) dimensions with the community FE. From the 16 studies, two research [28,35] utilized GIS-based methods to examine meals store availability within a certain buffer zone from household; 1 study examined FF accessibility inside a buffer from dwelling [23], four research examined both the availability and accessibility dimensions of meals outlets and FF from home [27,30,37,40]; a single study looked at both availability and accessibility of grocery stores within census tracts [34]; five studies measured each the availability and accessibility dimensions ofEngler-Stringer et al. BMC Public Well being 2014, 14:522 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/Page 7 ofTable three The associations involving the meals environment and dietary intake in studies making use of GIS-based measures to capture neighborhood meals atmosphere exposureAuthor (Year) Jago et al.Ere the 24 hour recall (4 studies), a meals consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (two research), the Wellness Behavior in School Kids questionnaire (1 study), Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1 study), a meals and drink diary (1 study) as well as the Dietary Approaches to Quit Hypertension (DASH) index (1 study). In Table 2 the 26 research are listed by the method they took for assessing the FE exposure. By far the most common approach applied for measuring exposure was GIS primarily based measures (16 studies). These GIS primarily based measures captured the geographic relationship between residents' household and/or school and healthful food outlets (grocery shops) ?1 study [34]; and unhealthy food outlets (FF and comfort retailers) ?six research; and many food outlet sorts, including supermarkets, convenience stores, FF outlets ?9 studies. 4 research utilized participant reported measures to assess some dimension of food access, including perceived access to shops [42], perceived proximity to each and every sort of food outlet [21], and some dimension of meals availability, like perceived availability of FF outlets [26] and perceived density of food outlets [43]. These measures had been all single-item indicators. Three research used pricing measures to examine the association between meals price and meals consumption for instance FV, snack things, and FF [29,36,39]. The food value indices of those 3 studies were all computed in the American Chamber ofCommerce Researchers Association Price of Living Index Everal landmark parameters {of the|from the|in the|on the reports. Two added research utilized a retailer audit measure [32,33]. The study by Longacre et al. [33] made use of an audit from the quantity of in-town FF outlets to assess the connection in between in-town FF outlets and FF intake.Ere the 24 hour recall (4 studies), a food consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (two research), the Overall health Behavior in School Kids questionnaire (1 study), Children's Consuming Behavior Questionnaire (1 study), a food and drink diary (1 study) along with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index (1 study). The food value indices of those 3 research were all computed from the American Chamber ofCommerce Researchers Association Expense of Living Index reports. Two added research used a store audit measure [32,33]. The study by Longacre et al. [33] utilised an audit of your number of in-town FF outlets to assess the partnership between in-town FF outlets and FF intake.